I first read about Sarah Baartman, very casually and in passing, many years ago. I didn’t know her by her real name. Rather, I knew her as the ‘Hottentot Venus.’
Not until recently, when I stumbled upon a historic film about
her, was I filled with rage about the injustice she suffered in the
hands of the Europeans. Sometimes, I find it difficult to imagine why
the early Europeans saw us, Africans as savages…when indeed they were
the true perverts and savages. You need to see the way those white men
leered at her with lustful eyes.
I have taken time to research on Sarah Baartman. The most
comprehensive report comes from SouthAfrica.Info. I have taken the
liberty of culling their report so that we could all learn about this
incredible South African woman from the Khoisan tribe who was mistaken
for a freak because she had very big hips, buttocks and an enlarged VJJ.
Culled From, SouthAfrica.Info:
Sarah Baartman, displayed as a freak because of her unusual physical
features, was finally laid to rest 187 years after she left Cape Town
for London. Her remains were buried on Women’s Day, 9 August 2002, in
the area of her birth, the Gamtoos River Valley in the Eastern Cape.
Baartman was born in 1789. She was working as a slave in Cape Town
when she was “discovered” by British ship’s doctor William Dunlop, who
persuaded her to travel with him to England. We’ll never know what she
had in mind when she stepped on board – of her own free will – a ship
for London.
But it’s clear what Dunlop had in mind – to display her as a “freak”,
a “scientific curiosity”, and make money from these shows, some of
which he promised to give to her.
Baartman had unusually large buttocks and genitals, and in the early
1800s Europeans were arrogantly obsessed with their own superiority, and
with proving that others, particularly blacks, were inferior and
oversexed.
Baartman’s physical characteristics, not unusual for Khoisan women,
although her features were larger than normal, were “evidence” of this
prejudice, and she was treated like a freak exhibit in London.
The ‘Hottentot Venus’
She was called the “Hottentot Venus”, ‘Hottentot’ being a name given
to people with cattle. They had acquired these cattle by migrating
northwards to Angola and returned to South Africa with them, about 2 000
years before the first European settlement at the Cape in 1652. Prior
to this, they were indistinguishable from the Bushmen or San, the first
inhabitants of South Africa, who had been in the region for around 100
000 years as hunter-gatherers.
Khoisan is used to denote their relationship to the San people. The
label “Hottentot” took on derogatory connotations, and is no longer
used.
Venus is the Roman goddess of love, a cruel reference to Baartman
being an object of admiration and adoration instead of the object of
leering and abuse that she became.
She spent four years in London, then moved to Paris, where she
continued her degrading round of shows and exhibitions. In Paris she
attracted the attention of French scientists, in particular Georges
Cuvier.
No one knows if Dunlop was true to his word and paid Baartman for her
“services”, but if he did pay her, it wasn’t sufficient to buy herself
out of the life she was living.
Once the Parisians got tired of the Baartman show, she was forced to
turn to prostitution. She didn’t last the ravages of a foreign culture
and climate, or the further abuse of her body. She died in 1815, at the
age of 25.
The cause of death was given as “inflammatory and eruptive sickness”,
possibly syphilis. Others suggest she was an alcoholic. Whatever the
cause, she lived and died thousands of kilometres from home and family,
in a hostile city, with no means of getting herself home again.
Cuvier made a plaster cast of her body, then removed her skeleton
and, after removing her brain and genitals, pickled them and displayed
them in bottles at the
Musee de l’Hommein Paris.
Some 160 years later they were still on display, but were finally
removed from public view in 1974. In 1994, then president Nelson Mandela
requested that her remains be brought home.
Other representations were made, but it took the French government
eight years to pass a bill – apparently worded so as to prevent other
countries from claiming the return of their stolen treasures – to allow
their small piece of “scientific curiosity” to be returned to South
Africa.
In January 2002, Sarah Baartman’s remains were returned and buried on
9 August 2002, on South Africa’s Women’s Day, at Hankey in the Eastern
Cape Province.
Her grave has since been declared a national heritage site.
Marang Setshwaelo, writing for Africana.com at the time, said Dr
Willa Boezak, a Khoisan rights activist, believed that a poem written by
Khoisan descendant Diana Ferrus in 1998 played a major role in helping
bring Baartman home. Boezak said: “It took the power of a woman, through
a simple, loving poem, to move hard politicians into action.”
Whatever the reason, Sarah Baartman is home, and has finally had her
dignity restored by being buried where she belongs – far away from where
her race and gender were so cruelly exploited.
Baartman objectified: an early nineteenth century French print titled, ‘La Belle Hottentot’