Wednesday, 29 January 2014

Remains of 55 bodies found near former Florida reform school

Excavations at a makeshift graveyard near a now-closed reform school in the Florida Panhandle have yielded remains of 55 bodies, almost twice the number official records say are there, the University of South Florida announced on Tuesday.
"This is precisely why excavation was necessary," said USF professor Erin Kimmerle, head of the research project. "The only way to truly establish the facts about the deaths and burials at the school is to follow scientific processes."
On a hillside in the rolling, tall-pine forests near the Alabama-Georgia border, a team of more than 50 searchers from nine agencies last year dug up the graves to check out local legends and family tales of boys, mostly black, who died or disappeared without explanation from the Dozier School for Boys early in the last century.
The school, infamous for accounts of brutality told by former inmates, was closed by the state in 2011.
The University of South Florida was commissioned to look into deaths at the school in the Panhandle city of Marianna, after the Florida Department of Law Enforcement announced the presence of 31 official grave sites in 2010.
Excavation began last September with bones, teeth and several artifacts from grave sites sent to the University of North Texas Science Center for DNA testing.
Members of 11 families who lost boys at Dozier have been located by the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office for DNA sampling and researchers hope to find 42 more families for possible matching.
State investigators initially located 31 suspected graves in the woods across a busy highway from the shuttered reform school. Kimmerle's more detailed probes raised the number to 50 or 51 last year, and USF announced on Tuesday the searchers had found remains of 55 bodies.
"Locating 55 burials is a significant finding, which opens up a whole new set of questions for our team," said Kimmerle.
"All of the analyses needed to answer these important questions are yet to be done, but it is our intention to answer as many of these questions as possible."
Research will continue in areas adjacent to the graveyard, dubbed "boot hill" by school officials and inmates a century ago.
Greg Ridgeway, acting director of the National Institute of Justice, praised Kimmerle's work. He said the discoveries made by the USF team "will not only bring resolution to these cases but will add to our knowledge about investigations of missing and unidentified persons in jurisdictions throughout the country."

AWOLOWO LETTER BEGGING FOR PARDON IN 1966 TO AGUIYI IRONSI HEAD OF STATE OF NIGERIA.



28th March, 1966.

The Supreme Commander and 
Head of the Federal Military 
Government, Lagos.

Thro: The Director of Prisons, 
Prisons Headquarters Office, 
Private Mail Bag 12522, 
Lagos.

Sir:

PREROGATIVE OF MERCY: SECTION 101 (1) (a) OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATION ACT 1963.

1. . I am writing this petition for FREE PARDON under Section 101 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Federation Act 1963, on behalf of myself and some of my colleagues whose names are set out in the Annexe hereto.

2. Before I go further, I would like to stress that the reasons which I advance in support of this petition, in my own behalf, basically hold good for my said colleagues. For they share the same political beliefs with me, and have intense and unquenchable loyalty for the ideals espoused by the Party which I have the honour to lead.

3. There are many grounds which could be submitted for your consideration in support of this petition. But I venture to think that SEVEN of them are enough and it is to these that I confine myself.

(1) In the course of my evidence during my trial, I stated that my Party favoured and was actively working for alliance with the N.C.N.C. as a means, among other things, of solving what I described as ‘the problem of Nigeria’, and strengthening the unity of the Federation. In October 1963 (that is about a month after my conviction and while my appeal to the Supreme Court was still pending), a Peace Committee headed by the Chief Justice of the Federation, Sir Adetokunbo Ademola, made overtures to me through my friend Alhaji W. A. Elias to the effect that if I abandoned my intention to enter into alliance with the N.C.N.C. which, according to the Committee, was an Ibo Organisation, and agreed to dissolve the Action Group and, in co-operation with Chief Akintola (now deceased), form an all-embracing Yoruba political party which I would lead and which would go into alliance with the N.P.C., I would be released from prison before the end of that year. I turned down these terms because I was of the considered opinion that their acceptance would further widen and exacerbate inter-tribal differences, and gravely undermine the unity of the Federation.

TODAY, THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT, OF WHICH YOU ARE THE HEAD, LEAVES NO ONE IN ANY DOUBT THAT IT STANDS FOR NIGERIAN UNITY. BUT IT MUST BE EMPHASISED, IN THIS CONNECTION, THAT IF I HAD PRIZED MY PERSONAL FREEDOM ABOVE THE UNITY OF NIGERIA, I WOULD HAVE BEEN SET FREE IN 1963. IN THAT EVENT, THIS PETITION WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN NECESSARY, AND THE WORK OF CONSOLIDATING THE UNITY OF THE COUNTRY TO WHICH YOU AND YOUR COLLEAGUES NOW SET YOUR HANDS MIGHT HAVE BEEN MADE EXTREMELY MORE INTRACTABLE AND IRKSOME.

As recently as 20th December, 1965, identical peace terms (the only variant being that the alliance with the N.C.N.C. which was now a reality should be broken) were made to me here, in Calabar Prison, by a delegation representing another Peace Committee headed by the self-same Chief Justice of the Federation and purporting to have the blessing of the Prime Minister, with the unequivocal promise that if I accepted the terms my release would follow almost immediately. I rejected the terms for the reasons which I have outlined above.

(2) One of the monsters which menaced the public life of this country up to 14th January, this year is OPPORTUNISM with its attendant evils of jobbery, venality, corruption, and unabashed self-interest. From all accounts, you are inflexibly resolved to destroy this monster. That was precisely what my colleagues and I had tried to do before we were rendered hors de combat since 29th May, 1962.

On two different occasions I was offered, first the post of Deputy Prime Minister (before May 1962), and second that of Deputy Governor-General (in August 1962), if I would agree to fold up the Opposition and join in a National Government. I declined the two offers because they were designed exclusively to gratify my self-interest, with no thought of fostering any political moral principle which could benefit the people of Nigeria. The learned Judge who presided over the Treasonable Felony Trial, commented unfavourably on my non-acceptance of one of these posts and held that my action lent weight to the case of the Prosecution against me. I must say, however, that in all conscience, I felt and still feel that a truly public-spirited person should accept public office not for what he can get for himself — such as the profit and glamour of office — but for the opportunity which it offers him of serving his people to the best of his ability, by promoting their welfare and happiness. To me, the two aforementioned posts were sinecures, and were intended to immobilise my talents and stultify the role of watch-dog which the people of Nigeria looked upon me to play on their behalf, at that juncture in our political evolution.

(3) This leads me to the third ground. From newspaper reports, it would appear that you and your colleagues — like all well-meaning Nigerians — are anxious that on the termination of the present military rule, Nigeria should become a flourishing democracy. Now, democracy is a political doctrine which is very intimately dear to my heart. It was to the end that it might be accepted as a way of life in all parts of the Federation that I campaigned most vigorously and relentlessly in the Northern Provinces of Nigeria, from 1957 to 1962, to the implacable annoyance of some of my political adversaries. It was to the end that this doctrine might survive the severe onslaught of opportunist and mercenary politics that I refused to succumb to the temptation of the National Government. Many views — some of them well-considered and respectable — have been expressed about the value or disvalue of opposition as a feature of public life in a newly emergent African State. Speaking for my party, I submit that the Opposition which I led did, to all intents and purposes, justify its existence and was acclaimed by the masses of our people as essential and indispensable to rapid- national growth. This was so, because it was unexceptionably constructive. The abrogation of the Anglo-Nigeria Defence Pact was one of the feathers in its cap. Some of the policies which the Government of the day later adopted — such as the creation of a Federal Ministry of Agriculture and the introduction of drastic measures to correct our balance of payments deficit — were among those persistently and constructively urged by the Opposition inside and outside Parliament.

The point I wish to emphasise here is that it was not out of spite or hatred for any one that I chose to remain in Opposition instead of joining the much-talked-of National Government. I did so in order to serve our people to the best of my ability in the position in which their votes had placed my Party, and to ensure that the young plant of democracy grows into a sturdy flourishing tree in Nigeria.

(4) Since the declaration of emergency in the Western Region on 29th May, 1962, political tension has existed in Western Nigeria. My conviction on 11th September, 1963, together with the surrounding bizarre circumstances, has led not only to the heightening of that tension in Western Nigeria but also to its profuse and irrepressible percolation to the other parts of the Federation. The result is that it can be said, without much fear of contradiction, that today the majority of our people are passionately concerned about and fervently solicitous for the release of myself and my colleagues.

The work of reconstruction on which you and your colleagues have embarked demands that all the citizens of Nigeria in their respective callings should give of their maximum best. A state of psychological tension, however much it may be brought under control or repressed, does not and cannot conduce to maximum efficiency. In spite of themselves, people labouring under emotions which this kind of tension automatically generates are bound to make avoidable mistakes which in their turn have adverse effects on national progress.

It is, therefore, in the national interest that this tension should be relaxed, if possible, without further delay.

(5) A petition of this kind is, by its very nature, bound to be replete with self-adulation. I hope and trust that, in the circumstances, this is excusable. It is in this hope and trust that I assert that my colleagues and I have the qualifications and capacity to render invaluable services to our people and fatherland. Every day that we spend in prison, therefore, must be regarded as TWENTY-FOUR UNFORGIVING HOURS OF TRULY VALUABLE SERVICES LOST TO OUR YOUNG COUNTRY. Even my most inveterate enemies have given the following testimony about me: ‘AWOLOWO HAS STILL A GREAT DEAL TO GIVE TO THIS COUNTRY.’

No country however advanced and civilised can afford to waste any of its talents, be they ever so small. Nigeria is too young to bury some of her talents as she was compelled to do under the old regime.

It is within your power to restore my colleagues and me to a position where our fatherland can again rejoice at the contributions which we are capable of making to its progress, welfare and happiness.

(6) Nigeria is now SIXTY-SIX MONTHS old as an independent State. The final phase in the struggle for Nigeria’s independence was initiated by my Party in the historic Self-Government motion moved by Chief Anthony Enahoro and supported by me on 31st March, 1953. IT SHOULD BE REGARDED AS MORE THAN IRONICAL, AND AS PALPABLY TRAGIC, THAT TWO OF THE ARCHITECTS OF THAT INDEPENDENCE AND, INDEED, THE PACE-SETTERS AND ACCELERATORS OF ITS FINAL PHASE SHOULD BE UNFREE IN A FREE NIGERIA.

In precise terms, I have spent FORTY-SIX out of the SIXTY-SIX MONTHS of independence in one form of confinement or another. I happened to know that the leaders of the old civilian regime, in spite of themselves, did not feel quite easy in their conscience about the plight into which they had manoeuvred me in the scheme of things; and I dare to express the hope and belief that you, personally view my present confinement with concern and disapproval.

(7) It is usual — almost invariably the case — on the accession of a revolutionary regime, for political prisoners and, indeed, other prisoners of some note, to be released as a mark of disapproval of some of the doings of the old regime, or in token of the new dawn of freedom which comes in the wake of the new regime.

It would be invidious to quote unspecific instances. But in the case of my colleagues and myself, by courageously and adamantly opposing the evils which your regime now denounces in the former civilian administration, I think we are perfectly justified if we expect you to regard us as being in tune with your yearnings and aspirations 
for Nigeria, and therefore entitled to our personal freedoms under your dispensation.

4. In view of the foregoing reasons which clearly demonstrate

(i) that I have always and, under trying circumstances, steadfastly and unyieldingly

(a) stood for the UNITY OF NIGERIA, 
(b) been opposed to POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM with its attendant evils,
© fostered the growth of DEMOCRACY in Nigeria;

(ii) that my incarceration

(a) has led to the heightening of political tension among Nigerians, which tension can only be relaxed by my release, 
(b) has deprived our fatherland of invaluable services such as we have rendered before, and can still render now and in future, in greater measure; and

(iii) that the evils which my colleagues and I condemned and valiantly refused to compromise with in the old civilian government are what you now quite rightly denounce, and are taking active steps to remove in order to pave the way for national and beneficial reconstruction,

I most sincerely appeal to you to be good enough to exercise, in favour of myself and my colleagues, the prerogative of mercy vested in you by Section 10 (I) (i) (a) of the Constitution of the Federation Act 1963, by granting me as well as each of my colleagues A FREE PARDON. If you do, your action will be most warmly, heartily, and popularly applauded at home and abroad, and you will go down to history as soldier, statesmen, and humanitarian.

Yours truly,

OBAFEMI AWOLOWO.
______

ANNEXE:

A. THOSE CONVICTED FOR TREASONABLE FELONY.

1. THOSE STILL SERVING THEIR TERMS.

1. Chief Obafemi Awolowo. 
2. Chief Anthony Enahoro. 
3. Mr. Lateef K. Jakande. 
4. Mr. Dapo Omisade. 
5. Mr. S.A. Onitiri. 
6. Mr. Gabby Sasore. 
7. Mr. Sunday Ebietoma. 
8. Mr. U.I. Nwaobiala.

2. THOSE WHO HAVE ALREADY SERVED THEIR TERMS.

1. Mr. S.A. Otubanjo. 
2. Mr. S.J. Umoren. 
3. Mr. S. Oyesile.

B. THOSE WHO HAVE NOT YET BEEN TRIED.

1. Mr. S.G. Ikoku. 
2. Mr. Ayo Adebanjo. 
3. Mr. James Aluko.

6 Benefits to Wearing Your Hair Natural Instead of Relaxed

Styling Natural Hair is More Economical
It’s no secret that many Black women spend much of their hard-earned money on maintaining their relaxed hair. Monthly or even biweekly trips to the salon can be very expensive, and relaxed hair must be maintained to minimize damage. After a woman decides to go natural, she will no longer need to visit a stylist as often as she did with relaxed hair, because it will be much easier to care for her own hair.
You will hear some women say they would rather relax their hair because it is easier to maintain, but there are plenty of natural sisters with easy, wash-and-wear styles. Although there may be a learning curve for maintaining and styling natural hair, there are plenty of tutorials available. Before you know it, you will be rocking your natural hair with the best of them.

Natural Hair Can Help Black People Regain Control of The Black Hair Care Industry
Black hair care is a $9 billion industry while 30 percent to 34 percent of all hair products in the United States are purchased by Black women. Weaves, worn by women of all ethnicities but especially by Black women, account for 65 percent of hair-care revenue. The hair comes from a variety of sources: India, Asia, Russia, Brazil, Mongolia and Malaysia, and helps to build wealth for entrepreneurs from those countries.
The number of Black women who said they don’t use products to chemically relax or straighten their hair jumped to 36 percent in 2011, up from 26 percent in 2010, according to a report by Mintel, a consumer spending and market research firm. At the same time, sales of relaxer kits dropped 17 percent between 2006 and 2011, according to Mintel.
With the natural hair movement growing, budding Black entrepreneurs can seize the opportunity to corner the natural hair care segment of themarket, while older, established companies run by other ethnicities play catch-up.


Natural Hair Can Be Cared For Without Dangerous Chemicals
Perms and relaxers contain similar ingredients to those found in Liquid Drano. The chemicals are bases, like Liquid Drano, and they dissolve the protein bonds that make Black hair curly –  literally burning the scalp.  It’s not hard to imagine how unhealthy these chemicals are for women – as the toxins used to remove tough clogs from drainpipes are similar to those  seeping into the pores of their scalps.
Respiratory problems have also been associated with the use of perms and relaxers. Potassium hydroxide, also called potassium lye, is a very strong chemical and inhaling it can cause coughing, sneezing, and breathing problems. If exposed to for long periods, it is strong enough to cause lung damage.
Ingesting potassium hydroxide can be equally damaging, resulting in burns to the mouth or throat, vomiting, severe stomach pain, diarrhea and even death.
Women with natural hair bypass these dangerous and harsh chemicals and tend to care for their hair with products that contain more natural ingredients.

Natural Hair is Healthier
It has been proven that non-relaxed hair is stronger, extra durable, more nutrient-rich, sheds less and grows faster and with greater ease compared to relaxed hair. Relaxers eventually fry the hair and damage the roots, which can cause alopecia (baldness),  hair breakage, scalp irritation, stunted hair growth, and even permanent hair loss.
Research conducted in February 1994 by the Food and Drug Administration and the American Cancer Society found that Black women who had not used permanent hair relaxers showed decreased risk of all fatal cancers combined and urinary system cancers.
Led by Lauren Wise of Boston University’s Slone Epidemiology Center,  researchers found that the two- to three-times higher rate of fibroids among Black women may be linked to chemical exposure through scalp lesions and burns resulting from relaxers.
In addition, women who got their first menstrual period before the age of 10 were also more likely to have uterine fibroids, and early menstruation may result from hair products Black girls are using, according to a separate 2011 study published in the Annals of Epidemiology.


Natural Hair is More Versatile
Unfortunately, some people mistakenly believe that natural hair has only a limited number of styling options; nothing could be further from the truth. There’s no need for a natural woman to feel like she has to be trapped wearing one style. The great thing is, as natural Black hair grows, there are different style choices with each inch gained.
While a small Afro may be one of few choices of half-inch-long hair, by the time it reaches 3 inches or more, style choices increase, including twists and coils.
When a woman has natural hair, there is no need to chemically alter it to wear any hairstyle. She can wear braids, rock an Afro, straighten it or keep it kinky – the sky is the limit.


Combats Society’s Negative Stigma of Natural Black Hair
“Natural hair has been a movement for several years. What we’re seeing now is a confirmation that this is a lifestyle that is very important to a lot of women,” says Cyntelia Abrams, marketing coordinator for Design Essentials, an Atlanta-based hair-care company that commissioned a 2010 study on the popularity of natural hair.
Some see it as more than a movement, rather an awakening or an acceptance of the natural beauty of Black women and a rejection of the European concepts of what has been regarded as “beauty” for far too long.



9ice's Ex-Wife, Toni Payne Finally Addresses Cheating Rumours; Says She Never Cheated On Him.

Singer 9ice and publicist Toni Payne got married on July 17th 2008, and crashed by January 2010, due to several reports that she was caught cheating on the singer. Four years after their separation Toni has finally come out to address the rumours via her blog. Read below.

To those who still believe I cheated on my ex. I am sorry to disappoint you, I never cheated on my ex hubby. Its not who I am, it will never be who I am. Tell yourself 1 million times, Toni Payne cheated, it will never make it true. Nobody caught me in any lie, or in any bad situation, nobody slept with anyone he was close to. Yall need to put a full stop to that bullshit. Its old!. Sometimes, men want their freedom, and the fact is you cant force them to stay. Same goes for women. Everyone wont have a perfect relationship, not everyone will stay married forever, we can only aspire to. Even those that have been married 10 years and are busy judging others, do you know your tomorrow? naaaa you sure don’t so curb it abeg. We can only pray, work, and hope for a good union.

Anyways To address this my ex said this or that issue. Let me just say He has NEVER for once opened his mouth to accuse me of cheating. He has NEVER for once opened his mouth to accuse me of sleeping with anyone he knows. If awon alaiye baje wanna use our situation then to sell their crap, how is that my fault? The same media controlling the remote to say I think cheating is ok, are the same who controlled the remote back then to say his song was about me. Nobody ever called him to verify or ask before publishing. Ill admit that we both did not handle the situation well back then, It was the first time we would experience such. The tension was plenty and emotions were everywhere. We should have sorted it privately. which we did try to do but one rubbish headline and emotions go buckwild again. I don’t wanna sounding like I am defending him, cos he is responsible for himself, but in all fairness to him, and because I have a conscience that serves me well, not for once did he tweet, fb, email, interview anything of the sort. Our issues had absolutely nothing to do with what the media were speculating. People took a song he did and turned it upside down. My crew MIXED AND MASTERED the song. If it was about me, why would I allow him release it. God gave all of us sense naa.. Some just chose not to use theirs and chose to believe anything they read even when the facts are there to sort through.

The only thing I have blamed him for, was not coming out on time to refute the claims and allowing it to escalate to that level, he has since apologized SEVERALLY, we have discussed it privately as we should have from the jump. I have accepted and moved on. I have also apologized for losing my cool on twitter, he has since accepted and moved on. Really, what more is there. I am not sure what people want from me. Should I hate him forever? Should I tie him to a post and flog him mercilessly? Should I be a wicked person and deprive him of his son? If I remain bitter and upset, please what value will it add to my life? Wo, my life is much more simpler than all this. Those who know me well, know this. Those that dont understand me are the ones who will be forever outside looking in, speculating crap. I am truly tired of this topic but since it seems to keep popping up, i felt it is best to finally address it properly. If anyone decides to hang on to the lie after this, that is their own cup of tea. I have a talk show to record, poetry to write and a child to raise. I don talk my own. FIN!.